The master keyword list is split into 3 main categories:

  • Research methods
  • Theories
  • Topics

When choosing your keywords, please try to choose at least one keyword from each category.

RESEARCH METHODS

Data Source

  • Primary
  • Secondary

Research Design

  • Comparative Thinking
  • Construct Development and Evaluation
  • Cross-Cultural Experiments
  • Cross-Cultural Research/Measurement Issues
  • Econometrics
  • Equivalency
  • Incorporating Country Variables
  • Levels of Analysis
  • Longitudinal (or, Time-Series)
  • Measurement and Scale Development Issues
  • Qualitative/Quantitative Comparisons
  • Sectoral Trends
  • Statistical Process Control
  • Status Quo Bias
  • Survey Method
  • Theory-Method Intersection

Method of Analysis

  • Analysis of Variance and Covariance
  • Bayesian Modeling
  • Canonical Correlation
  • Case Theoretic Approaches
  • Cluster Analysis
  • Conjoint Analysis
  • Construct Validity
  • Content Analysis
  • Correspondence Analysis
  • Diffusion Models (e.g., Hazard Analysis)
  • Discriminant Analysis
  • Duration Models
  • Event Study
  • Factor Analysis
  • Fuzzy Set Methods
  • Hierarchical Linear Modeling (e.g., multi-level analysis, RCM, etc.)
  • Linear Probability Models
  • Logistic Regression
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Multidimensional Scaling
  • Multilevel Analysis
  • Multi-Model Analysis
  • Multiple Discriminant Analysis
  • Multiple Regression Analysis
  • Neural Networks
  • Non-Parametric Analysis
  • Heterogeneity
  • Reliability
  • Residual Analysis
  • Structural Equation Modeling

THEORIES

  • Agency Theory
  • Borrowing Theory
  • Chaos Theory
  • Comparative Advantage
  • Competitive Structure
  • Economic Sociology
  • Exploration vs. Exploitation
  • Game Theory
  • Framing Processes
  • Human Ecology Theory
  • Hybridization
  • Institutional Theory
  • Internalization Theory
  • International Trade Theory
  • Internationalization Theories and Foreign Market Entry
  • Knowledge-Based View
  • Leadership Theories
  • Market Knowledge Competence
  • Market Orientation
  • Neoinstitutional Theory
  • Network Relations Theory
  • Network Theory
  • Organization Theory
  • Organizational Ecology (Population Ecology of Organizations)
  • Organizational Learning
  • Path Dependence
  • Political Economy
  • Portfolio Theory
  • Power-Dependence Theory
  • Relational Contracting Theory
  • Resource Dependency
  • Resource-Based View or Resource-Based Theory
  • Signaling Theory
  • Social Cognition
  • Social Control Theory
  • Social Exchange Theory
  • Strategic Choice Theory
  • Syndicates
  • Systems Theory
  • Technological Advantage Theory
  • Technological Innovation Theory
  • Theory of FDI and the MNE (Ownership-Location-Internalization)
  • Transaction Cost Theory, Transaction Cost Economics, or Transaction Cost Analysis
  • Upper Echelon Theory
  • Other

TOPICS

Accounting

  • Auditing
  • Comparative Accounting Systems and Practice
  • International Financial Reporting
  • International Management Accounting
  • Sarbanes-Oxley Act
  • Taxation
  • Tax Penalty

Country or Area Studies

  • Africa
    • South Africa
  • Asia
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Middle East
    • Russia
    • Southeast Asia
  • Australia and Oceania
  • Central America
  • Europe
    • Central and Eastern Europe
    • European Financial Markets
    • European Union
    • Nordic Countries
  • North America
    • Canada
    • Mexico
    • United States
  • South America (Latin America)
    • Latin American Financial Markets

Culture

  • Convergence of Cultures
  • Cultural Dimensions
  • Cultural Distance
  • Cultural Frameworks
    • GLOBE
    • Hofstede
    • Trompenaars
  • Cultural Impact of MNEs
  • Cultural Syndrome
  • Cultural Values
  • Culture Change
  • Diaspora
  • Divergence of Cultures
  • Emic vs. Etic
  • Geographic Distance
  • Impact of Culture on MNE Performance Management
  • Language (Language Design, Silent Language, Translation)
  • Liability/Liabilities of Foreignness
  • National Culture
  • Role of Local Cultures
  • Time Orientation

Demographic Studies

  • Baby Boomers
  • Global Investor

Economic and Business History

  • Business History
  • Globalization in Other Eras
    • Globalization in the Communist Era
    • Globalization Market Integrations
  • History in International Business
  • History of FDI and the MNE
  • History of Thought
  • Historic Multi-Nationals
  • Historical Adaptation
  • Historical Factors in MNE Operations
  • Historical Roots of Local Conditions
  • Spread of Firms Within Empires

Economics and International Political Economy

  • Adverse Selection
  • Business Dynamics
  • Business Policy
  • Capitalism
  • Country Risk
  • Domestic Capital Formation
  • Economic Development
  • Economic Freedom
  • Economic Geography
    • Agglomeration
    • Clustering
    • Global Cities
  • Economic Growth
  • Economic History
  • Economic Integration
  • Economic Transition
  • Environmental Shocks
  • Evolutionary Economics
  • Exchange Function
  • Exports
  • Financial Crisis
  • Financial Impact of National Levels of Disclosure
  • Foreign Direct Investment Policy
  • Foreign Trade Offices
  • Globalization
  • Governance
  • Government
  • Human Capital
  • Human/Knowledge Capital
  • Immigration Policy
  • Income Distribution
  • Industrial Organization
  • Industrial Revolution
  • Inflation Effects
  • Infrastructure
  • Integrated Global Industries
  • International Capital Structure
  • International Political Economy
  • International Price Index
  • International Relations and Political Science
  • International Trade Liberalization
  • Liability of Foreignness
  • Liberalism / Neoliberalism
  • Macroeconomics
  • Market Imperfections
  • Market Liberalization
  • Market Selection
  • Market Turmoil
  • Microeconomic Intervention
  • MNEs and Economic Development
  • MNEs and Economic Growth
  • Nonmarket Strategy
  • Policy Transfer
  • Policy-Oriented Studies
  • Political Aspects of MNE Activity
  • Political Backlash
  • Political Behavior
  • Political Hazards
  • Political Risk
  • Political Relationships
  • Political Strategies
  • Process Model
  • Productivity
  • Public Affairs
  • Public Opinion
  • Regulatory Risk
  • Securing Natural Resources
  • Security and Competitiveness
  • Semiglobalization
  • Sovereignty
  • Trade Flows

Education and International Business

  • International Business Programs

Entrepreneurship

  • Comparative Entrepreneurship
  • Entrepreneurial Efficacy
  • Entrepreneurship Business Strategy
  • Local Entrepreneurial Behaviors
  • Local Knowledge as Entrepreneurial Driver
  • Intrapreneurship

Finance

  • Bankruptcy / Default
  • Bid-Ask Spread
  • Bondholder Value
  • Book Value Bias of Long-Term Debt
  • Business Performance
  • Capital Budgeting
  • Capital Market Development
  • Capital Structure
  • Credit Ratings
  • Contingent Earnouts
  • Cost of Capital
  • Currency Translation
  • Derivatives
  • Dismissal Risk
  • Dividend Policy
  • Earnings Management
  • Equity and Bond Markets
  • Exchange Rates
  • Exchange Risk Pricing
  • Finance as an Ownership Advantage
  • Financial and Industrial Structure
  • Financial Contracting
  • Financial Management
  • Financial Markets
  • Financial Risk Assessment
  • Financing Procedures
  • Firm Exposure
  • Foreign Exchange Management and Risk
  • Foreign Portfolio Investment
  • Global vs. Multinational Capital Allocation
  • Hedging Strategies
  • Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)
  • Inside Ownership
  • Institutional Domestic and Foreign Investors
  • Insurance
  • Intangible Assets
  • International Asset Pricing
  • International Cross-Listing
  • International Financial Integration
  • Investment Incentives
  • Investors Valuation
  • Joint Venture Sell-Off
  • Market Value
  • Mortgage Backed Securities
  • Mutual Funds
  • Private Equity and Portfolio Diversification
  • Privatization
  • Project Finance
  • Profitability
  • Return on Assets (ROA)
  • Risk and Risk Exposure
  • Securities Litigation
  • Shareholder Lawsuits
  • Shareholder Value
  • Speculation and Arbitrage
  • Sovereign Bonds / Sovereign Debt
  • Stock Market Manipulation
  • Stock Market Valuation
  • Stock Market Volatility
  • Stock Prices
  • Unconditional Asset Pricing Models
  • Venture Capital
  • Working Capital

Human Resources and Industrial Relations

  • Administrative Change
  • Bargaining
  • Behavioral Integration
  • Board of Directors
  • Career Progress
  • CEO Compensation
  • CEO Tenure
  • Comparative HRM
  • Compensation Policies
  • Dispute Resolution
  • Emerging Global Labor Market
  • Employment
  • Expatriation / Repatriation
  • Gender Diversity
  • Gender Equality
  • HR Diffusion across Countries
  • HRM in Emerging MNEs
  • HRM Strategies
  • Human Resource Management (HRM)
  • Industrial Behavior
  • Industrial Diversification
  • Industrial Groupings
  • Industrial Structure
  • Intercultural Work Relationship
  • International Contracting
  • Interpersonal Trust
  • Job Satisfaction
  • Judgment and Decision Making
  • Labor Practices
  • Labor/Management Issues
  • Leader-Member Exchange
  • Managerial Cognition
  • Management Effectiveness
  • Manpower Planning
  • Mentoring
  • Multilingual Systems
  • Multi-Market Contact
  • Negotiation and Bargaining Procedures
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Organizational Citizenship Behavior
  • Organizational Justice
  • Outsourcing of High-End Jobs
  • Perception of Top Management
  • Personnel
  • Professional Culture
  • Protean and Boundary less Careers
  • Recruiting and Training Issues
  • Symbolic Adoption
  • Symbolic Management
  • Teams and Teamwork
  • Top Management Teams
  • Training and Development
  • Valuation in a Global World
  • Values
  • Visibility
  • Wage Negotiations
  • Work-Family Issues

Industry Studies

  • Aerospace and Defense
  • Alcoholic Drinks
  • Apparel
  • Automotive
  • Banking and Finance
  • Catering and Vending
  • Chemicals
  • Computers and Electronics
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Demographics and Lifestyles
  • Domestic Appliances
  • Energy
  • Entertainment and Leisure
  • Food and Beverages
  • Health and Wellness
  • Healthcare
  • Household Care
  • Household Products
  • Housewares and Home Furnishings
  • Industrial and Manufacturing
  • Luxury Goods
  • Marketing Services
  • Metals
  • Non-Profits
  • Packaging
  • Personal and Leisure Goods
  • Personal Care
  • Public Sector
  • Publishing and Media
  • Retail
  • Services
  • Software
  • Telecommunications
  • Tobacco
  • Toys and Games
  • Travel and Tourism

Institutions and International Business

  • Benefits to Corporations
  • Bureaucracies
  • Business and Society / Business in Society
  • Business and the Environment
  • Business/Government Interaction and Relations
  • Corporate Political Strategy
  • Civil Society
  • Expropriation
  • Global Institutions
  • Institutional Context
  • Institutional Environment
  • Institutional Trajectories
  • Institutionalism
  • Inter-Government Relations
  • International Organizations
  • Markets and Institutions
  • MNE-Host Country Relations
  • Multi-Party Cooperation
  • Nationalization
  • Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
  • Shaping Institutional Trajectories
  • Trade Blocks
  • Transparency Within and Among MNEs and National States

International Business Research Agenda

  • Evaluation of Current Empirical Approaches
  • Evaluation of Current Theories
  • Integration of Pre-Existing Theoretical Approaches
  • International Business Theory
  • New Bespoke Theoretical Directions

Law

  • Consumer Protection
  • Distributive Justice Values
  • Extraterritoriality
  • Foreign Investment Laws
  • International Property Law
  • International Regulations
  • Investment Appraisal
  • Investment Guarantees and Dispute Settlements
  • Joint Venture Contracts
  • Justice
  • Law of Contract
  • Legal Enforcement
  • Legal Origin
  • MNEs and Imperfect Contracts
  • Regulating MNEs
  • Trade Law

Management

  • Best Practices
  • Bounded Rationality
  • Business Functions
  • Business Systems
  • Competitive Advantage
    • Ambidexterity
    • Capabilities and Capability Development
    • Competences
    • Firm-Specific Advantages
    • Global Competition
    • Location and Monopolistic Competition
    • Location Strategy
    • Location-Specificity
    • Strategic Knowledge Capabilities
  • Communities of Practice
  • Comparative Management
  • Context Analysis / Environmental Scanning
  • Corporate Governance
    • Bribery / Corruption / Fraud
    • Corporate Political Strategies
    • Corporate Security
    • Corporate Social Responsibility
    • Decision-Making
    • Elections
    • Firm-Self Regulation
    • Global Stakeholders
    • Sustainability
  • Cross-Cultural Management
  • Externalization Strategy
  • Goal Incongruence
  • Inertia
  • Information
  • Influence Strategies
  • Inter-Firm Transfer
  • International Experience
  • Inter-Organizational Relationships
    • Alliances and Joint Ventures
    • Commitment
    • Conflict and Coordination
    • Formation and Dissolution
    • Inter-Firm Organizations
    • International New Venture
    • Knowledge and Productivity Spillovers
    • Networks
    • Power and Dependence
    • Relational Embeddedness
    • Relational Management
    • Relational Models
    • Relational Norms
    • Transactional Characteristics
    • Trust
  • Intra-Organizational Structures
    • Decision-Taking Structures
    • Delegation
    • Diversified Firms
    • Routines
    • Social Beliefs
    • Social Trust
    • Sociology of Organizations
    • Trust
  • Intra-Firm Politics
  • Intra-Firm Trade
  • Intra-Firm Transfer
  • Issue-Selling
  • Knowledge Management
    • Absorptive Capacity
    • Experiential Knowledge
    • Exploration/Exploitation
    • Global and Local Knowledge
    • Institutional Knowledge
    • Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing
    • Knowledge Activists
    • Knowledge Archetypes
    • Knowledge Diffusion
    • Knowledge Sourcing
    • Knowledge Stocks and Flows
    • Knowledge Strategies
    • Knowledge Transfer
    • Location-Bound Knowledge Bundles
    • Tacit/Explicit
  • Management Information Systems
    • Business Performance Management
    • Data Mining
    • Decision Support Systems / Expert Systems
    • Human Resource Management Systems
    • Knowledge Management Systems
    • Management of Technology
  • Management of Market Risk
  • Managing Foreign Operations
  • Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Enterprises (MNEs)
    • Cross-Border Investments
    • Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As)
    • Diversification Strategies
    • Evolving Role of Subsidiaries and Headquarters
    • Foreign Direct Investment
    • Headquarters-Subsidiary Roles and Relations
    • Knowledge Seeking Behavior
    • Knowledge Transfer and Innovation in MNCs/MNEs
    • Parent Subsidiary Links
    • Regional Headquarters (HQs)
    • Regional Strategy or Strategies
    • Subsidiary Development, Expansion and Growth
    • Subsidiary Networks
    • Subsidiary Performance
    • Subsidiary Relations
    • Subsidiary Rent-Seeking
    • Subsidiary Roles
    • Subsidiary Strategies
  • Opportunism
  • Organizational Change
  • Organization and Management
    • Comparative Organizational Studies
  • Organizational Control and Design
    • Control and Coordination Mechanisms
    • Hegemony and Dependence
    • Interdependence
    • Oligarchic Family Control
    • Paternalism
    • Split Control
  • Organizational Memory/Knowledge Structures
  • Organizational Learning
    • Learning Advantages of Newness
    • Strategic Learning
    • Unlearning
  • Organizational Structure
  • Organizational Transformation
  • Ownership / Control Structures
    • Business Groups
    • Holding Companies
    • Family Conglomerates
  • Performance
  • Role of Time
  • Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
  • Small-to-Medium-Sized Firms
  • Social Issues
  • Strategy and Business Strategy
    • Firm Boundaries
    • Global Learning
    • Global Location Portfolios
    • Global Opportunity Recognition
    • Global Strategy
    • Integration and Responsiveness
    • International Acquisitions
    • International Corporate Expansion
    • Internationalization
    • Mimetic Behavior
    • Specialized Firms
    • Strategic Change
    • Strategic Initiative
    • Strategic Role of Locations
    • Strategy Processes
  • Stratification
  • Transfer Pricing
  • Transnationals

Marketing and Consumer Behavior

  • Advertising
  • Barter / Countertrade
  • Branding and Brand Management
  • Business-to-Business Marketing
  • Buyer-Seller Relationships in International Markets
  • Channel Governance
  • Comparative Marketing
  • Consumer Behavior
  • Country of Origin Effects
  • Distribution Channels
  • Early Adopters
  • Emotion
  • Export Marketing (or, Export/Import Marketing)
  • Foreign Market Entry
  • Global Account Management
  • Market Segmentation
  • Marketing Management
  • Marketing Strategy
  • Pricing
  • Product Differentiation
  • Product Positioning
  • Promotion
  • Relationship Marketing
  • Retailing
  • Sales Force Marketing
  • Services Marketing
  • Standardization/Adaptation

Socioeconomic Studies

  • Developed Markets / Countries / Economies
    • Unemployment in Developed Countries
  • Developing Markets / Countries / Economies
    • Evolution of MNEs from Developing Countries
  • Emerging Markets / Countries / Economies
    • Acquiring and/or Integrating Emerging Market Firms
    • Comparisons Across Emerging Markets
    • Competitive Strategies of Local Emerging Market Firms
    • Competitive Strategies of Non-Emerging Market Firms for Emerging Markets
    • Contingent Emerging Market Deployment
    • Convergence/Divergence Among Emerging Markets
    • Convergence/Divergence Between Emerging Markets and Non-Emerging Markets
    • Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets
    • Cross-Cultural Issues in HRM in Emerging Markets
    • Economic and/or Cultural Risks in Emerging Markets
    • Economic Development in Emerging Markets
    • Emerging Market Multi-Nationals
    • Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets
    • Foreignness and Emerging Markets
    • General Emerging Markets Theory
    • How Emerging Market Institutions Shape MNEs Competitive Strategies
    • Locational Advantage (or, Disadvantage) of Emerging Markets
    • Marketing in Emerging Markets
    • MNEs and Economic Growth in Emerging Markets
    • Strategic Alliances in Emerging Markets
    • Theoretical Usefulness of Emerging Market Category
  • Global Environment
  • Global Integration
  • Human Rights
  • Low-Income Markets (Bottom of the Pyramid)
  • Non-Emerging Markets
  • Regional Integration
  • Social Alliances
  • Speculators
  • Sustainable Development
  • Transitional Economies
  • Triad

Supply Chain Management and Operations Management

  • Crossing Locales in International Operations
  • Global Supply Chain Strategies
  • Logistics
  • Manufacturing Distribution
  • MNEs and Distribution Power
  • Offshoring
  • Outsourcing
  • Production/Sourcing Operations Management
  • Supplier Management
  • Supply Chain Integration
  • Value Chain

Technology and Innovation

  • Creativity
  • E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce
  • Economics of Innovation
  • Global Product Design and Development
  • Innovation and R&D
  • Innovation/Creativity
  • Intellectual Property
  • IT/IS Infrastructure
  • Knowledge Creation by Global Start-ups
  • New Product Development
  • Networking Technologies
  • Patents
  • Technological Change
  • Technology Transfer